Buildings use almost 40% of the energy consumed worldwide. The majority of energy consuming structures will be found in the urban centers of the developing world due to population expansion, rising urbanization, and improvements in living standards. The need for a sustainable growth path based on renewable energies and energy efficiency is driven by the depletion of energy supplies and the threat of climate change. Without sacrificing contemporary living standards, climate-responsive or solar-passive building design can have a substantial impact on lowering the energy demand of buildings.
In addition, Nepal has struggled greatly with the development of its economy. Despite making enormous efforts to eradicate poverty, Nepal is ranked twenty-fifth out of the top twenty-five poorest nations. According to the NEA report (Nepal Electricity Authority). Due to a significant imbalance between power supply and demand in the home, commercial, and industrial 3 sectors, Nepal's population currently experiences daily power outages (load shedding) that can last up to fourteen hours in the summer and five to six hours in the winter. The authority of Nepal energy believes that Nepal will be free of the issue of power scarcity by 2020, but the situation is improving as a result of several ongoing hydropower projects
In the context of Nepal, residents are oblivious to the inadequate thermal performance of their buildings since they have adjusted to the indoor climate by changing their eating and clothing patterns. The building's thermal performance can be judged from a broad inspection alone, but it is still unclear how much suffering the building's low thermal performance will cause. This study tries to measure the severity of this discomfort. Due to the irregularities in the building's geometry, the materials used, and the cultural differences, it is challenging to define or generalize the thermal performance of Nepalese buildings. However, if the indoor operating temperature and relative humidity levels are taken into account, a picture of comfort in lodging can be drawn.